While Zepbound causes thyroid C-cell tumors in rats, its unknown whether it causes these tumors in humans, so it should not be used by patients with a personal or family history of medullary thyroid cancer or with multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2, per the FDA
drugs average over 70 patents and up to 40 years of exclusivity, according to a 2023 report by the Initiative for Medicines, Access & Knowledge (I-MAK).For comparison, top tech companies average around 38 patents and 20 years of product lifecycle protection
Redox Chemistry of CopperAmyloid: The Generation of Hydroxyl Radical in the Presence of Ascorbate is Linked to RedoxPotentials and Aggregation State Luc Guilloreau, Sarah Combalbert, Alix SourniaSaquet, et al
PMID: 37334045
One paper suggested that GLP-1s may improve some gut health symptoms (such as abdominal pain) but worsen others (such as regularity and constipation)
Timeline of GLP-1 discovery and clinical development of nutrient-stimulated hormonal multi-agonists