tirzepatide and alcohol addiction attenuates dopamine reward signaling suppresses drinking and relapse-like behaviors in rodents IUPHAR review – Glucagon-like peptide-1

Other diabetes medication classes offer alternatives if GLP-1 therapy proves unsuitable: SGLT2 inhibitors (such as dapagliflozin or empagliflozin) provide cardiovascular and renal benefits without affecting gastric emptying, though require adequate renal function and carry risks of genital infections and diabetic ketoacidosis DPP-4 inhibitors (such as sitagliptin) work on the incretin system but with less pronounced gastrointestinal effects note these should not be combined with GLP-1 receptor agonists Traditional agents including metformin, sulfonylureas, or insulin may be appropriate depending on individual circumstances Any medication change should be made in consultation with your diabetes specialist or GP, considering your overall glycaemic control, cardiovascular risk profile, and treatment goals, in line with NICE NG28 guidance

Earlier medications often achieved modest weight loss (under 10% of body weight), and not all patients experienced optimal blood sugar control

The provider documents what the patient is trying to accomplish, whether that is recovery from a soft tissue injury, lean mass and recomposition, skin or hair quality, or longevity oriented goals

As weight decreases, the body often fights back by increasing appetite hormones and lowering energy use

LopezJimenez, M

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