Oral administration of US FDA approved DPP-4 inhibitors, such as Saxagliptin, Vildagliptin, Anagliptin, etc., prolongs the half-lives and thus the action of GLP-1 and GIP, which in turn improves glycemic control with minimal risk of hypoglycemia (Havale and Pal, 2009)
Who Should Avoid Peptide Therapy
GLP-1 slows the stomach and dampens appetite
This can develop into a hardened, solid mass called a bezoar
12,13 GLP-1 RAs are recommended in the treatment guidelines by the American Diabetes Association as well as the American Association of Clinical Endocrinology (AACE) Consensus Statement & European Society of Cardiology for type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with co-morbidities, like established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and obesity
Why the requirements are consistent Because these medications share a mechanism and a prescription-only status, regulators and legitimate providers apply the same guardrails regardless of brand