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Cancer 19 , 611624 (2019)
found that LPS stimulation led to an approximately 30-fold accumulation of succinate in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), which in turn specifically promoted the transcription and expression of IL-1 by inhibiting prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) and stabilizing HIF-1 ( During macrophage metabolic reprogramming, amino acid metabolism does not operate independently, but is embedded within the overall metabolic network
Molecules, 25(3), 609
Reconstitution means dissolving a lyophilized (freeze-dried) peptide powder in a sterile diluent, most often bacteriostatic water containing 0.9% benzyl alcohol
10.3390/antiox10040542 Antioxidants 126 ZhangZ.XueP.BendlinB.ZetterbergH.De FeliceF.TanX.et al (2025)
It is a potent free-radical quencher and aids other vitamins in their antioxidant activities
