As B12 is not endogenously produced, injections offer the most efficient means of absorption and utilization by the bodys cells
[13] Chloramphenicol has been shown to blunt reticulocyte response to cyanocobalamin, while ethanol, colchicine, and nitrous oxide interfere with cobalamin metabolism or utilization, each warranting clinician awareness when evaluating suboptimal treatment outcomes
Deficiencies can occur with medical conditions such as atrophic gastritis (which causes thinning of the stomach lining), pernicious anaemia, Crohns disease, celiac disease, lupus, or other immune system disorders and certain medications
Example: 5 mg vial at 250 mcg per dose Total peptide: 5,000 mcg
Directions for Use: Administer by intramuscular or subcutaneous injection as directed by a veterinarian
This step is consistently cited as the contamination-prevention checkpoint