does semaglutide cause low iron Anemia: A Lesser-Known Side Effect of GLP-1 Drugs? GLP-1 Vitamin Deficiency: What Ozempic

Evidence: A crossover study in healthy Italian volunteers compared a single high oral dose of SAG (3.5 g as powder dissolved in water) with the same dose of regular L-glutathione (3.5 g as capsules)

INR monitoring should be individualized based on clinical factors, with particular attention during significant weight loss or dietary changes

Both peptide treatments and testosterone replacement are extremely effective when prescribed appropriately

Morales, E

Key Points The incretins glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) are gut-derived hormones that potentiate insulin secretion and contribute to glucose metabolism through a wide range of physiological actions Inhibitors of the incretin-inactivating enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) and DPP-4-resistant injectable GLP-1 receptor agonists have been developed for the treatment of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) GLP-1 and other gut-derived hormones might directly and/or indirectly regulate electrolyte and fluid homeostasis by influencing feeding and drinking behaviour as well as electrolyte transport in the kidneys and gastrointestinal tract GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors increase natriuresis in T2DM, possibly through overlapping and distinct mechanisms, and might slightly improve renal haemodynamics in the setting of diabetes-related glomerular hyperfiltration Incretin-based therapies seem to directly influence renal physiology and have indirect metabolic and haemodynamic actions that might reduce renal risk in T2DM

Moreover, consuming sugary snacks and processed foods can lead to leptin and insulin resistance