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Improvements in these will help to inform if fasting is helpful to your health or if the method of fasting is being effective
doi: 10.1007/s00394-017-1445-8 Summary Keywords antioxidant, bioavailability, biological properties, immunological properties, polyphenols Citation Saad AM, Mohammed DM, Alkafaas SS, Ghosh S, Negm SH, Salem HM, Fahmy MA, Semary HE, Ibrahim EH, AbuQamar SF, El-Tarabily KA and El-Saadony MT (2025) Dietary polyphenols and human health: sources, biological activities, nutritional and immunological aspects, and bioavailability a comprehensive review
A: Nausea, fullness, reflux, constipation/diarrhea
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That's the gap NAD+ supplementation fills