In controlled research settings it is used to examine multi-axis metabolic signalling, receptor cross-talk, energy balance pathways, and downstream effects on nutrient handling and mitochondrial demand
Nausea is more common than constipation, especially during dose escalation
The drug primarily increases insulin secretion and decreases glucagon secretion in a glucose-dependent manner
Results inform whether to continue escalation or optimize the current dose
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[57] Research has shown that bilberry extract supplementation can increase glucose uptake by muscle cells, via GLUT4 upregulation, [58] and can also inhibit enzymes involved in carbohydrate digestion, which decreases the amplitude of postprandial blood glucose spikes