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Chronic complications of diabetes are categorized into macrovascular and microvascular complications, and diabetic microvascular complications mainly include diabetic kidney disease (DKD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), and diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM)
Patients with cystinuria, homocystinuria, or severe kidney disease should avoid supplementation without nephrologist oversight
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While short-term studies indicate favorable safety profiles, ongoing monitoring and research are essential to fully understand its long-term effects
& Stephanopoulos, G
However, potential side effects such as hypoglycemia appear to be limiting factors in the usefulness of IGF-1 for clinical treatment of muscle wasting conditions
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