This vital nutrient plays essential roles in hair follicle cell division, blood cell formation, and metabolism

Vitamin B12 There is four types of parenteral Vitamin B12 available: Cyanocobalamin 100 mcg/ml and 1000 mcg/ml best used as IM to prevent rapid loss via kidneys Hydroxycobalamin IM (compounded 1000 mcg/ml or more) known as long acting B12 (binds better to plasma proteins than cyanocobalamin) Methylcobalamin IV (compounded 1000 mcg or more up to 5000 mcg/ml) Adenosylcobalamin IV Common dose is 1000 mcg IM or IV Vitamin B12 as hydroxycobalamin is synthesized exclusively by microorganisms and is found in the liver of animals bound to protein as methylcobalamin = metabolically active form of Vitamin B12 Hydroxycobalamin is a chelator of cyanide and is used in cyanide poisoning Hydroxocobalamin is most generally used for vitamin B12 replacement therapy and is considered the drug of choice for vitamin B12 deficiency by the Martindale Extra Pharmacopoeia (Sweetman, 2002) and the World Health Organization (WHO) Model List of Essential Drugs

This type of anemia is caused by a lack of the intrinsic factor needed to support red blood cell production
Angiogenesis promotion through TB-500 establishes new blood vessel networks in healing tissues
It works by binding to the ghrelin receptor (GHS-R1a) in the hypothalamus and pituitary, triggering a calcium/PKC signaling cascade that releases stored growth hormone, while separately blunting somatostatin's inhibitory signal
AOD 9604 is a peptide fragment of human growth hormone, not a stimulant or pharmaceutical weight loss drug