The reason this ingredient is so effective is because it forms a thin film on the skin that reduces transepidermal water loss (TEWL) while supplying linoleic acid to the stratum corneum to improve barrier strength
This is a mechanistically reasoned hypothesis being tested cautiously by forward-leaning practitionerswith all the risks that implies
Dehydroascorbate (DHA), an oxidant, is formed from ascorbic acid during the removal of ROS, yet the enzyme responsible for converting DHA back to ascorbic acid is dependent on GSH
This is where topical application through a Copper peptide serum becomes highly effective
The local GI argument is the strongest case for capsules, but it is rarely explained correctly If BPC-157 is degraded locally in the gut lumen and acts on GI epithelial receptors before degradation, then high oral bioavailability is not required for a GI-local effect
Additionally, a few of the models are data-specific or non-transferable to other data sources