When considering the function of gut-derived GLP-1, it is difficult to ignore the metabolic effects of nutrient-derived energy in addition to the direct actions of GLP-1 itself
Helisalmi, M
Recent research surprisingly demonstrated that serotonin-secreting enterochromaffin cells were the major chemical sensors for vagal afferent neurons in the proximal duodenum, whereas Glp1r -expressing ND neurons predominantly innervated muscle layers of the stomach and responded to stretch rather than to chemical stimuli entering the duodenum 46
Ke D , Fang J , Fan L , Chen Z , Chen L
Unlike other peptides, which primarily work through appetite suppression and metabolic regulation, these peptides go deeper, supporting mitochondrial function, enhancing fat oxidation, increasing muscle protein synthesis, and even reversing aspects of cellular aging
Belli T, Ribeiro LF, Ackermann MA, Baldissera V, Gobatto CA, Galdino da Silva R