The vitamin must be released from these binding proteins in order to be active and this release occurs in the stomach by the gastric protease, pepsin
If you missed the other articles in the series, you can read them here: Part 1: How do GLP-1 medications like Wegovy, Ozempic, and Mounjaro work
GLP-1 drugs research: summary GLP1 drugs may move beyond diabetes and weight loss into multidisease therapies This could significantly increase the number and profile of users, including nonobese and older populations Innovations such as oral GLP1s may further accelerate uptake and accessibility For food and beverage, the shift needs to be watched closely to understand behaviour change, consumption patterns and nutritional needs GLP-1s started life as diabetes medications, then took the world by storm for treating obesity
Terai et al., 2020)
DPP4i are all small molecules that inhibit the catalytic activity of the enzyme without affecting any of the other known functions of the DPP4 protein
Pharmaceutical companies like Novo Nordisk and Eli Lilly want it both ways and continue to develop patent thickets made up of every minor modification of its products in order to extend patent protection that will increase the possibility of delaying competition and lengthening their market monopoly.As a result of this patent abuse, companies can maintain higher prices for longer, which then yields maximum revenue and profit to further enrich shareholders, all while perpetuating health inequities