Bath application of GLP-1 induces a depolarization in most hippocampal neurons and a hyperpolarization in a few neurons ( in vitro electrophysiological recordings further demonstrated that exendin-4 elicits an early fast excitatory response dose-dependently (Hsu et al., 2015, 2018)
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Proposed mechanisms include reduced inflammation, improved endothelial function, decreased blood pressure, improved lipid profiles, and direct cardioprotective effects via GLP-1 receptors expressed on cardiomyocytes
Effects of somatostatin on human satiety
Hemocompatibility tests were conducted to evaluate safety

Ozempic triggers multiple physiological responses throughout the body, primarily affecting these systems: Insulin Secretion Enhancement : Stimulates pancreatic beta cells to release insulin in response to elevated blood glucose levels, providing glucose-dependent control that reduces hypoglycemia risk Glucagon Suppression : Reduces the release of glucagon from pancreatic alpha cells, preventing the liver from producing excess glucose during meals Gastric Emptying Delay : slows the rate at which food moves from the stomach to the small intestine, creating prolonged feelings of fullness Appetite Regulation : Acts on brain centers controlling hunger and satiety, reducing overall food intake and cravings Hepatic Glucose Production : Decreases the livers glucose output through both direct and indirect mechanisms The medication achieves its effects through once-weekly subcutaneous injections, with the FDA approving doses of 0.5 mg and 1.0 mg for diabetes management