Data are plotted as means SD of three biologically independent replicate experiments
Raises myocardial oxygen demand

Experts explain that extremolytes work to protect extremophiles (organisms that are naturally found in extreme conditions) from their surroundings by forming and stabilizing protective water layers around their macromolecules and cell structures.7 But researchers note that ectoine, specifically, possesses certain properties that help it to shield proteins, cell membranes, and human tissues from allergens, UV light, heat, and dryness.7 And since peptides are the building blocks of proteins, it stands to reason that ectoine may help protect them, too.21 Looking at GHK-Cu, study authors explain that it may be prone to decomposition by skin proteases due to its limited enzyme resistance properties, making copper easily exposed to the external environment.9 So, to summarize, it appears that adding ectoine to a formula containing GHK-Cu may promote better peptide stability and protect it from harsh skin environments that could break it down, which could suggest that the copper peptides in this Allies of Skin product have more of an opportunity to work

That does not necessarily mean it is proven to rebuild injured tendons in people, but it does explain why interest in the peptide remains high
It is hypothesized that Ipamorelin potentially increased the weights of fat pads in relation to body weight, which appeared to lead to an increase in relative body fat as quantified by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)
It has 4x higher cell uptake of cysteine vs NAC alone, whilst building levels of 22 other enzymes in the body that all work with and support glutathione