10.1177/1945892419878315 Am J Rhinol Allergy
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A.McArthurD.WilliamsA
The MAPK pathways (including p38, JNK, and ERK) are highly sensitive to oxidative stress and play diverse, often detrimental, roles in MIRI, mediating inflammation, apoptosis, and maladaptive stress responses (Xu et al., 2015)
PMID: 32322943.
In addition, several phytochemicals, including curcumin, neurosteroids and phytoestrogens, have been shown to improve antioxidative function of astrocytes 129