Trends Med 18: doi: 10.15761/TiM.1000155 Table 1
Thats why animal data consistently shows profound effects in metabolically broken states, and minimal effects in already-healthy controls
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That is an important framing for anyone tempted to treat it as a shortcut: even in the animal work that generates the interest, the compound is one input alongside energy balance, not a replacement for it
In fact, since B12 deficiencies can lead to mood changes, proper supplementation often helps improve mood-related issues
The most common side effects are gastrointestinal, including nausea (occurring in 20-30% of patients), diarrhea, vomiting, constipation, and abdominal discomfort