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demonstrated that LC consumption considerably reduced the apoptotic cells located in seminiferous tubes [69]
Figure 13 summarizes key intracellular glutathione (GSH) sensing strategies, encompassing fluorescent probes that detect reduced GSH through light emission, enzymatic biosensors that generate electrical signals via GSHNAD(P)H redox cycling, quantum nanoprobes that enable high-resolution fluorescence shifts, and nanomaterial-based sensors that act as GSH-responsive reporters for gene editing and signal amplification
Similar content being viewed by others Log in or create a free account to read this content Gain free access to this article, as well as selected content from this journal and more on nature.com or Abbreviations GSH: reduced glutathione GSSG: glutathione disulfide GS: thyil radical ROS: reactive oxygen species RNS: reactive nitrogen species RS: reactive species -GCS: -glutamylcysteine synthetase GPX: glutathione peroxidase GR: glutathione reductase GST: glutathione S -transferase GSNO: nitrosoglutathione G6PD: glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase NAC: N -acetyl-L-cysteine NO: nitric oxide protein-SSG: protein glutathionylation protein-SNO: protein nitrosylation References Galluzzi L, Maiuri MC, Vitale I, Zischka H, Castedo M, Zitvogel L et al
The more serious ones, though less common, are pancreatitis and thyroid C-cell tumors
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