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Microbial phenolic metabolites operate as metabolic immunomodulators, combating oxidative stress, reducing chronic inflammation, and providing neuroprotective effects along the gut-immune-brain axis [156]

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The global peptide therapeutics market was valued at nearly $50 billion in 2024, and its projected to reach up to around $84 billion by 2034.1 One of the most well-known peptides in recent years is semaglutide (Ozempic), a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1) used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.2 However, semaglutide is just one of many different peptides that could potentially lead to health benefits

Lewy AJ, Cutler NL, Sack RL