The tripeptide sequence glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine wraps around a copper ion, creating a structure with remarkable stability when handled correctly and surprising fragility when handled wrong
For example, those with severe deficiencies might need 1,000 mcg weekly, while others might only need 100 mcg monthly
Intramuscular B is the standard treatment
Self-administered B12 shots are generally recommended for individuals: whose bloodwork has documented low B12 levels Patients with pernicious anemia or a lack of intrinsic factor Individuals with Crohn's disease, celiac disease, or post-bariatric surgery malabsorption Vegans and strict vegetarians are unable to correct the deficiency through diet Older adults whose stomach acid production has declined with age Anyone on long-term metformin or proton pump inhibitors Across most of the U.S., injectable B12 is not sold over the counter a clinician has to write the script before a pharmacy can dispense it
Most patients will retreat each year
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