Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 278:E405412 Lyons J, Rauh-Pfeiffer A, Yu YM, Lu XM, Zurakowski D, Tompkins RG, Ajami AM, Young VR, Castillo L (2000) Blood glutathione synthesis rates in healthy adults receiving a sulfur amino acid-free diet
Studies have found 12 to 58% of ergogenic supplements contaminated, 30% containing incorrect amino acid sequences, and 65% exceeding safe endotoxin thresholds
PMID: 40005999 | doi:10.3390/ph18020185 McGuire FP et al
D-alpha-tocopherol (anti-oxidant)
however, the relationship between the two is not purely positive or negative, and different regulatory mechanisms occur according to different situations
Most studies rely on animal models, with a lack of comprehensive clinical trial data in humans