What has changed is not the feasibility of developing drugs without complete biological knowledge, but the expectation that developers be transparent about what is and is not known, and that uncertainty be actively managed rather than minimized (ICH E9 guidance
Notably, patients with mutations in GGT1 often present with developmental disorders, accumulation of GSH (glutathionaemia and glutathionuria) and reduced circulating levels of cystine 25
Human dermal fibroblast studies show up to 70% increase in collagen production at optimal 1 nanomolar concentration, with collagen IV showing 25.4-fold increase when combined with hyaluronic acid
This was associated with a concurrent reduction in lipogenic gene expression and serum triglycerides (Fig
The evidence is still young, and large clinical trials are needed before GlyNAC becomes standard care
Medical Sciences , 13(3), 136