3 Conclusion Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is an umbrella term that contains oxygen radicals and non-radical compounds such as hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), hydroxyl radicals, lipid radicals, and (phosphorus) lipid hydroperoxides (Liu et al., 2022)
It has been reported that HDAC activity is involved in RA synovial are significantly increased compared with normal controls and are in direct proportion to TNF- mRNA levels (301)
Nasally administered drugs can across the epithelium in the lateral respiratory region and then to the pons through the trigeminal nerve (Thorne et al., 2004
Then cells were diluted with 0.51 ml assay buffer, and 10,000 events were analysed by flow cytometry using a BD Accuri C6 Plus flow cytometer (BD Biosciences) and FCS Express 7 Research (DeNovo Software)
S., Wollam, J
Hyperglycemic conditions and the resultant metabolic disorder primarily disrupt autophagy by blocking autophagic flux and compromising lysosomal function, ultimately leading to stagnation of the autophagy pathway (146, 147)