human bioavailability is unknown Subcutaneous injection Human subcutaneous bioavailability and pharmacokinetics are unknown Factor Convenience Oral capsules No mixing or syringe math Subcutaneous injection Requires reconstitution, sterile supplies, and injection-site planning Factor Evidence limits Oral capsules No controlled human dose, benefit, or safety trial Subcutaneous injection No controlled human dose, benefit, or safety trial Factor Can the amounts be treated as equal
2013 Neer Award: predictors of failure of nonoperative treatment of chronic, symptomatic, full-thickness rotator cuff tears
Long-term safety has not yet been established
Do not use plain sterile water bacteriostatic waters benzyl alcohol preservative significantly extends reconstituted peptide stability
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Multiple clinical trials have demonstrated that oxerutin reduces edema and pain associated with venous disease