Each laboratory should still validate performance with its own instruments, plates, and detection chemistry
But for others, the gut doesnt absorb B12 efficiently due to health conditions, medications, or age-related changes in the stomach lining
Additional tests may include full blood count (to check for macrocytic anaemia), methylmalonic acid and homocysteine levels (which rise in B12 deficiency), and tests for intrinsic factor antibodies if pernicious anaemia is suspected
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These may include: A vitamin B12 deficiency can also lead to pernicious anemia