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Liposomes also show a strong affinity for keratin in the stratum corneum, promoting deeper skin infiltration, higher absorption, and better drug retention, and they have been utilized as local anesthetics [11]

Pujos-Guillot et al., 2012

doi: 10.1007/s42000-020-00173-2 96 NiethammerPGrabherCLookATMitchisonTJ

6 Synthetic analogs of vitamins E and C Vitamin E (tocopherols) deficiency is associated with neurological and reproductive abnormalities

Because this study was a first-in-human phase 1 trial, we used the standard 3 + 3 design, which is one of the most used designs due to its simplicity of execution and robustness in phase 1 clinical trials 12

One in vitro study appears to suggest the half-life of DSIP to be around 15 minutes, while animal studies suggest 4-5 minutes