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A Potent Duo for Luminous Complexion
Key pathophysiologic mechanisms include: Mucosal barrier dysfunction: Impaired epithelial tight junctions allow bacterial translocation, triggering innate immune activation T-helper cell dysregulation: Predominantly Th1 and Th17 pathways drive chronic inflammation via TNF-, IL-12, IL-23 the basis for biologic therapy targets Transmural inflammation: Unlike UC (mucosal only), CD involves all layers: mucosa submucosa muscularis propria serosa Granuloma formation: Non-caseating granulomas are pathognomonic but present in only ~3050% of biopsies Fibrosis and stricture: Chronic inflammation activates myofibroblasts collagen deposition luminal narrowing obstructive symptoms Fistula formation: Transmural ulcers penetrate serosa form sinus tracts connect to adjacent bowel, bladder, vagina, or skin 7
What struck David wasn't the enthusiasm, which he discounted
A.RiveraP
The medication is in phase III trials and is expected to be available in markets by the end of 2026 or 2027
Patients should be counseled on dietary sources of vitamin B12, including animal products such as meat, poultry, fish, eggs, and dairy
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