Reduced antioxidant enzyme activity in ME/CFS Research has revealed that the activity of key antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and GSH peroxidase (GPx) is attenuated in ME/CFS patients, which consequently aggravates oxidative stress
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Keep it refrigerated, never frozen
Other malabsorption causes include: Atrophic gastritis and reduced gastric acid production (common in older adults) Gastrointestinal surgery, particularly gastrectomy, ileal resection, or bariatric surgery (especially gastric bypass) Inflammatory bowel disease affecting the terminal ileum (Crohn's disease) Coeliac disease and other small bowel disorders Chronic pancreatitis affecting enzyme secretion Helicobacter pylori infection (may contribute to reduced absorption) Medication-related deficiency is increasingly recognised
However, topical applications are effective for maintenance, prevention, and mild concerns with the advantage of convenience and minimal side effects