pH 37, citric acid/disodium hydrogen phosphate
Halestrap AP, Woodfield KY, Connern CP (1997) Oxidative stress, thiol reagents, and membrane potential modulate the mitochondrial permeability transition by affecting nucleotide binding to the adenine nucleotide translocase
The hyaluronic acid creates a hydrated environment that enhances peptide penetration without any conflicting pH requirements
Results PQS inhibited while Pht activated AhR downstream genes CYP1B1 and AHRR in THP-1 human monocytes Pseudomonas aeruginosa QS signal molecule PQS has been reported to downregulate AhR-induced cytochrome P4501 (CYP1) enzyme and CYP1A1 enzymatic activities in mouse liver cells (Hepa-1c1c7) (Moura-Alves et al., 2019)
Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 84(6), 2050-2055
Applying AHK-CU before bed means the peptide is present when your follicles are most active in their regeneration processes