The problem is that glutathione levels decline with age, and they drop faster under chronic stress, heavy alcohol use, smoking, and sustained environmental toxin exposure
Any deviation suggests problems
In preclinical models, the peptide has been linked to angiogenesis, which is the formation of new blood vessels, and to fibroblast activity that drives collagen synthesis in healing tissue
That makes the contribution of GHK-Cu specifically to any reported endpoint difficult to attribute, and is one of the reasons independent reviewers do not regard the human evidence base as conclusive
CIA was induced in 8-week-old female Kaede (C57BL/6J) or wild-type DBA/1J mice by subcutaneous injection at the base of the tail with 100 l with 0.25 mg chicken type II collagen (Chondrex, Redmond, WA) in complete Freund adjuvant (Difco Laboratory, Detroit, MI), containing 5 mg/ml killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis (H37Ra)
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