These medications also increase the uptake of glucose by muscle tissue, decrease glucose release by the liver, and increase satiety at the level of the hypothalamus
Lancet 372:146372 Dodd S, Maes M, Anderson G, Dean O, Moylan S, Berk M (2013) Putative neuroprotective agents in major psychoses
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However, there is also a possibility that some of the effect may be independent of GLP-1, because DPP-4 inhibition still reduced -cell apoptosis in human islets cultured in the presence of exendin 9-39 (99), suggesting that other mediators might be involved, but it was also suggested that an anti-inflammatory action could have played a role (99)
In 2019, the FDA approved increasing the available doses of Ozempic to 2 mg