Here's a comparison of the three primary routes: Topical Injectable (SubQ) Nasal Spray Topical Injectable (SubQ) Nasal Spray For purely cosmetic goals (anti-aging, skin texture, hair density), topical application is the first-line choice and is backed by the most human clinical data
As an extension of the above, the brains high metabolic rate and oxygen consumption make it vulnerable to oxidative stress, which can lead to aging and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimers and Parkinsons Disease
For that reason, research-only context matters
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doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.06.053 252
A 30 mg vial reconstituted with 10 mL of diluent occupies a lot of fridge space and is also more dilute, increasing measurement-error risk on small doses The pharmacist treats concentration choice as a small optimization problem