Additional diagnostic tests like an upper endoscopy or bowel biopsy may also be required
1,2,6,12 Dementia-like disease, including episodes of psychosis, is thought to be associated with more severe and chronic deficiency, although supporting evidence is poor
doi:10.1038/s41574-019-0280-9
These injections are typically administered subcutaneously (under the skin) or intramuscularly (in the muscle) in areas like the abdomen, thigh, or upper arm
sleep, energy, cognitive function, reduction of Temporal Lobe Seizures/abnormal brain waves, healthy synthesis of neuronal myelin - the protective sheath that protects nerves throughout the body, proper carbohydrate metabolism, and proper absorption of fatty acids
But you may need to continue taking supplements for the rest of your life, depending on your situation