Reductions in glutathione synthesis and tissue glutathione concentrations in aged animals (compared to younger ones) are suggestive of a potentially lower ability to respond to oxidative stress or toxin exposure (28)
Clarke MB, Wright R, Irwin D, Bose S, Van Rheen Z, Birari R, et al
They advocate for a treatment approach that is: Symptom-led : Recognising that many patients become symptomatic well before their next scheduled dose, meaning they are being under-treated
The retinoid family is pretty much the royal family of skincare, with the king being the FDA-approved anti-aging ingredient tretinoin
The most compelling studies of efficacy have been done in cell cultures and small animals
Results vary by skin tone: 1-3 months for light brown, 3-6 months for medium-dark brown, and over 6 months for darker skin tones