Topical L-ascorbic acid: Percutaneous absorption studies
Taurine reverses muscle function under overuse conditions in several ways, including by controlling mitochondrial ROS production, regulating membrane potential, preventing DNA damage, and inducing muscle regulatory proteins
This allows topical peptides to penetrate much deeper than they normally would
Electrophysiological and c-Fos mapping studies in rodent models have demonstrated that amylin receptor activation in these regions inhibits gastric emptying, reduces meal size, and activates downstream satiety circuits projecting to the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (Lutz et al., Physiology & Behavior, 2010)
Wang B, Liang B, Huang Y, Li Z, Zhang B, Du J, et al
10.1016/j.cell.2015.09.020 Cell