Clear solutions turning yellow, brown, or pink suggest chemical modifications have occurred
The effect of acetyl-L-carnitine administration on persons with Down syndrome
Alterations in ventricular structure and function in obese adolescents with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
The quantification methods include antioxidant assays (e.g., Glutathione assay, Ascorbic acid assay, Antioxidant enzyme activity assay), DNA damage/repair (e.g., 8-OH Guanine, double-strand break assay), peroxidation of lipids (e.g., 4-hydroxynonenal assay, malondialdehyde assay), ROS assay (e.g., H 2 O 2 assay, NO assay), protein modification (e.g., Advanced glycation end products, protein carbonyl assay), and Oxidase/Peroxidase activity (e.g., Monoamine oxidase assay, peroxidase/H 2 O 2 assay)
*JAMA Internal Medicine*, 173(5), 386-388
Kroeger CM, Klempel MC, Bhutani S, Trepanowski JF, Tangney CC, Varady KA