doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1200025 Received 04 April 2023 Accepted 24 April 2023 Published 05 May 2023 Volume 10 - 2023 Edited by Julio Plaza-Diaz, Childrens Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO), Canada Reviewed by Vijay Karkal Hegde, Texas Tech University, United States Dan Gao, Xian Jiaotong University Health Science Center, China Xiujing Feng, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China Updates Copyright 2023 Mohamad Ishak and Ikemoto

The lack of vitamin B12 may result from any of the following conditions: Addisonian (pernicious) anemia this condition causes autoantibody formation against parietal cells, which results in a lack of IF essential for absorption of vitamin B12 from the intestine Malabsorption impaired absorption of vitamin B12 Gastrointestinal pathology, dysfunction, or surgery these include atrophic gastritis, celiac disease, small bowel bacterial overgrowth, pancreatic insufficiency, Helicobacter pylori infection, gastric carcinoma, and total or partial gastrectomy Diphyllobothrium latum and related species (the fish tapeworm) infestation these parasites compete with vitamin B12 for intestinal absorption
(128) have reported that reserpine-induced decreases in DA resulted in a significant increase in the expression of AT 1 and AT 2 receptors
The combination of L-Carnitine with training promotes changes in the muscle skeletal, in this way is favored a better muscle regeneration after exercise, a lower formation of free radicals produced by physical stress and better cellular integrity, improving the action of hormones such as testosterone and growth hormone
After 4 weeks at therapeutic doses, most users report 50-70% reduction in pain, significantly improved function, and ability to resume modified training or activities
Therefore, WADA does not recommend the ingestion of this product