One 2022 pilot study (n = 24) found modest improvement in skin brightness (+8 % L* value) after eight weeks of topical application
PEGylation reduces renal clearance and results in more sustained absorption after subcutaneous administration, as well as restricted distribution
However, they are also delicate compounds that require careful sourcing and precise formulation environments
The abdomen (avoiding a 2-inch radius around the navel), outer thigh, and upper arm provide suitable injection locations with adequate subcutaneous tissue
Starting Concentration and Gradual Introduction Many dermatologists recommend starting with lower concentrations, under 0.5%, and gradually increasing to higher strengths as your skin acclimates
Research-Grade GHK-Cu vs Cosmetic Copper Peptide Serums Injectable vs Topical Forms in Research Literature The published literature is heavily weighted toward topical and in-vitro application