Celebrities and influencers have turned them into a cultural obsession, praised by some as a miracle fix and criticized by others as a dangerous shortcut
The total human evidence base, as of this writing, consists of the following: 1) a Phase I safety trial of 42 healthy volunteers that was registered in 2015, canceled in 2016, and never published, 2) a retrospective case series of 12 patients with knee pain, no control group, and no validated outcome measure, and 3) a 2025 pilot safety study involving two healthy adults who received intravenous infusions at a single private clinic in Florida
Flowering stalk percentage was found to have no correlation or relationship with the number of pollinator visitors
in the 2000s
The science is intriguing but low bioavailability has led the company to pursue very high doses
The information contained herein is based on our current knowledge and contains scientific, quality, and technical information to help our trade customers understand more about our ingredients and the science behind them