Studies show that up to 90% of individuals following plant-based diets may experience vitamin B12 deficiency
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FDAs Clinical Pharmacology team disagreed, concluding the reductions "could pose a clinically significant risk of loss of efficacy of contraception and unintended pregnancy" which is the basis for the backup-contraception guidance in ref
Vitamin B12 is essential for energy metabolism but it is a cofactor, not a fat-burning agent
Older people tend to have lower amounts of stomach acid, which the body needs to absorb B12
What the mechanism does NOT prove: A mechanism observed in vitro or in rodents does not predict the magnitude, durability, or route-dependence of clinical benefit in humans