Olea Europaea (Olive) Extract: Provides strong moisturizing and supports barrier repair
Resources Li, Xiangyu, et al
Melasma may be triggered by sun exposure, hormonal changes, cosmetic products that are irritating to the skin, stress, and thyroid disease
Synthesis & quality Manufactured via controlled, validated peptide-synthesis processes to deliver high purity and lot-to-lot consistency
Its molecular target is nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT), a cytosolic S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methyltransferase that converts nicotinamide to 1-methylnicotinamide, consuming SAM and releasing S-adenosylhomocysteine
Activated pp60c-Src leads to elevated hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha expression under normoxia